Archaeological evidence demonstrates that the town was established in the 2nd century BC during the Hasmonean period, when several fishing villages sprung up around the lake. The site had no defensive wall and extended along the northwestern shore of the lake. The cemetery zone is found 200 meters (660 ft) north of the synagogue, which places it beyond the inhabited area of the town. The historic site of Capernaum is 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) from Tabgha,^[10] an area which appears to have been used for agricultural purposes, judging by the many oil and grain mills which were discovered in the excavation. Fishing was a major source of income; the remains of an ancient harbor were found to the west of the modern one built by the Franciscans.

 Josephus refers to Capernaum as a fertile spring (Wars – Book III, 10, 8).

Capernaum is cited in all four gospels (Matthew 4:13, 8:5, 11:23, 17:24, Mark 1:21, 2:1, 9:33, Luke 4:23,31, 7:1, 10:15, John 2:12, 4:46, 6:17, 24, 59) where it was reported to have been the hometown of the tax collector Matthew and located not far from Bethsaida, the hometown of apostles Simon Peter, Andrew, James and John. 

Jesus spent time teaching and healing there. On a Sabbath day, Jesus taught in the synagogue in Capernaum and healed a man who was possessed by an unclean spirit (Luke 4:31–36 and Mark 1:21–28).

This story is notable as the only one that is common to the gospels of Mark and Luke but not contained in the Gospel of Matthew. Afterward, Jesus healed Simon Peter’s mother-in-law of a fever (Luke 4:38–39). According to Luke 7:1–10 and Matthew 8:5, this is also the place Jesus healed the servant of a Roman centurion who had asked for his help. Capernaum is the location of the healing of the paralytic lowered by friends through the roof to reach Jesus, as described in Mark 2:1–12 and Luke 5:17–26.

Capernaum was mentioned in the writings of Theodosius the archdeacon who said that it was situated, as one goes northward from Tiberias, two miles from Tabgha and six miles short of Bethsaida along the same route.^[12][13] — Wikipedia

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+ Nazareth. Part 1. (Follow subsequent episodes)

+ Sea of Galilee in depth, Mount of Beatitudes, all sites of interest…

+ See also, Akeldama, the field of Judas near the Valley of Hinnom (Gehenna).

+ The Trial of Jesus. Pontius Pilate.

+ To the Place where Our Lord was crucified

+ Golgotha +